Everyday we are encouraged to communicate and cultivate a culture of good interactions through proper communication but what is communication? How do we ensure we are having good communication habits?

So, what do you understand by the word communication? Communication is the process of intentionally conveying information using a certain medium which can range from word of mouth, writing, gesture or electronically. For communication to be complete there must be a shared meaning between the sender and the receiver.
Shared meaning can be described as a situation where the recipient of the information attaches the same meaning as the one the sender intended. It is important to note that sometimes a shared meaning may not be achieved right away and therefore further clarification is needed.
Having a shared meaning is important in situations like ;
- When one is giving out instructions
- During learning especially in schools
- When passing information to an audience
Here are 5 factors that may affect how a message is interpreted. They include;
1. Environment where communication is taking place
Environment is the surroundings of an individual. This can be in the bedroom, outdoors or even at a bar. Interpretation of a message varies depending on the surrounding with which it happens.
For example ” You are beautiful ” can be interpreted as flirting in a bedroom setting but can also mean a compliment in a workplace or in a event.
Note how the meaning changes? If one is not clear then there is prone to be a communication disconnect.
2. Type of relationship existing between the sender and receiver
Relationship between the people communicating is important because it determines the choice of words and the tone to be used.
For instance like ” don’t be silly ” . Such a comment between people who are close can be interpreted as playful but the same words in an official setting can be seen as disrespect.
To avoid any confusion and ensure that one is not misinterpreted, the relationship status should be considered to ensure that there is a shared meaning.
3. Emotional state of the receiver
Sometimes knowing when to communicate is important to avoid misinterpretation. Emotional state of the receiver will affect how they will perceive some information and sometimes this may cause them to distort the intended meaning of the information.
For example, when one is angry prolonged silence while they are talking can be interpreted as a sign of not caring or one is guilty and does not know how to defend themselves. But in a calm emotional state silence can be interpreted as good listening.
Determining the state at which the receiver is at emotionally will ensure that one is careful with the choice of words and tone to avoid being misinterpreted.
4. Language used
Language to be used during a communication process is key. This is because it affects the understanding of the message. If the receiver does not understand the language used to convey the message then there will be no shared meaning.
For instance, a leader goes to a very remote village where they barely speak English and starts addressing them in advanced English. This forces them to assign meaning to the words depending on how they understand them which may not be the intended meaning.
This is a very good instance of communication disconnect caused by lack of a common language that will enable both the sender and receiver to be in a common understanding regarding the information being passed across.
5. Cultural background
Knowing the cultural background of the audience is very important. This is because you will know how to bridge the differences in meaning assigned to a word.
For example the word ” Wagon ” in the U.S means a wooden vehicle that is pulled by a mule or a horse but the same word in Ireland means unpleasant woman.
As you can see the information may be misinterpreted just by a variation in meaning of a word in different cultures. In this situation, the sender can decide to be specific by providing an explanation where necessary or avoid the word completely.
We can see how shared meaning plays a vital role in communication. Lack of shared meaning has often led to conflicts and poor performance especially in a situation where employees or students do not understand instructions very well.


